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Coincident ruddy turnstone migration and horseshoe crab spawning creates an ecological ‘hot spot’ for influenza viruses

Identifieur interne : 000E95 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000E94; suivant : 000E96

Coincident ruddy turnstone migration and horseshoe crab spawning creates an ecological ‘hot spot’ for influenza viruses

Auteurs : Scott Krauss [États-Unis] ; David E. Stallknecht [États-Unis] ; Nicholas J. Negovetich [États-Unis] ; Lawrence J. Niles [États-Unis] ; Richard J. Webby [États-Unis] ; Robert G. Webster [États-Unis]

Source :

RBID : PMC:2982236

Abstract

Since 1985, avian influenza virus surveillance has been conducted annually from mid-May to early June in charadriiform species from the families Scolopacidae and Laridae (shorebirds and gulls) at Delaware Bay in the northeast United States. The mass migrations of shorebirds, gulls and horseshoe crabs (Limulus polyphemus) coincide at that time, and large numbers of migrating birds pause at Delaware Bay to feed on horseshoe crab eggs deposited at the high-tide line. Influenza viruses are consistently isolated from charadriiform birds at Delaware Bay, at an overall rate approximately 17 times the combined rate of isolation at all other surveillance sites worldwide (490 isolates/9474 samples, 5.2% versus 49 isolates per 15 848 samples, 0.3%, respectively; Proportion test, p < 0.0001). The likelihood of isolating influenza viruses at Delaware Bay is dependent on the presence of ruddy turnstone (Arenaria interpres) at the sampling site (G-test of independence, p < 0.001). The convergence of host factors and environmental factors results in a unique ecological ‘hot spot’ for influenza viruses in Charadriiformes.


Url:
DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2010.1090
PubMed: 20630885
PubMed Central: 2982236


Affiliations:


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<p>Since 1985, avian influenza virus surveillance has been conducted annually from mid-May to early June in
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species from the families
<italic>Scolopacidae</italic>
and
<italic>Laridae</italic>
(shorebirds and gulls) at Delaware Bay in the northeast United States. The mass migrations of shorebirds, gulls and horseshoe crabs (
<italic>Limulus polyphemus</italic>
) coincide at that time, and large numbers of migrating birds pause at Delaware Bay to feed on horseshoe crab eggs deposited at the high-tide line. Influenza viruses are consistently isolated from
<italic>charadriiform</italic>
birds at Delaware Bay, at an overall rate approximately 17 times the combined rate of isolation at all other surveillance sites worldwide (490 isolates/9474 samples, 5.2% versus 49 isolates per 15 848 samples, 0.3%, respectively; Proportion test,
<italic>p</italic>
< 0.0001). The likelihood of isolating influenza viruses at Delaware Bay is dependent on the presence of ruddy turnstone (
<italic>Arenaria interpres</italic>
) at the sampling site (
<italic>G</italic>
-test of independence,
<italic>p</italic>
< 0.001). The convergence of host factors and environmental factors results in a unique ecological ‘hot spot’ for influenza viruses in
<italic>Charadriiformes</italic>
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